Diabetes Guidelines

Singapore researchers recently developed what they have deemed a successful, tumor-free number of “pure insulin-producing cells from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs),” according to November news reports from Science Daily.



The cells have been produced to provide diabetic patients with pure insulin producing cells in order for blood glucose levels of diabetics to be regulated naturally. The researchers, from the Institute of Medical Biology (IMB), are still experimenting with use on mice and have not achieved a level of safeness for use on humans yet, but have noted that “none of the diabetic mice involved in the transplant developed teratoma, which are a type of tumor associated with ESCs,” according to the news report. The study was published in a recent issue of Stem Cell Research.

Developing Diabetes

According to MedicineNet, which is an online healthcare site utilizing information and resources from the authors of Webster?s New World Medical Dictionary, describe diabetes mellitus as a “group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar levels, that result from defects in insulin secretion or action, or both.” Approximately 23.6 million Americans currently suffer from some form of diabetes, according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA). The New York Times also reported that diabetes was currently the fifth leading killer of U.S. citizens.

Diabetes can affect anyone, but there are several risk factors that may increase an individuals potential for developing a type of diabetes. The National Library of Medicine (NLM) reported the following risk factors:

* 45 years of age and over

* 
 genetic predisposition, family members with diabetes

* heart disease

* high blood cholesterol

* obesity

* gestational diabetes, when a baby weighing more than 9 pounds is delivered

* lack of exercise

* ethnicity

* previously impaired glucose tolerance

* polycystic ovary disease

What is Insulin?

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) explains that there are 20 different types of insulin products produced within the body that are “available in four basic forms, each with a different time of onset and duration of action.”



Insulin is produced when an individual consumes food that is then broken down into glucose within the pancreas and enters the bloodstream to provide the body with energy. Within the pancreas is the islets of Langerhans, which houses the beta cells that are responsible for producing insulin.

Diabetic patients are known to either produce a surplus or not enough insulin or both, type 2 diabetes patients produce varied amounts and type 1 diabetics don’t produce enough. Those who use injectable forms of insulin to regulate their blood glucose levels often use insulin derived from animals such as pigs or cows. There are, however, additional diabetes drugs that do not use insulin from an outside form, but rather, utilize the body’s natural levels of insulin.



Byetta is one such drug, which is part of a new class of drugs known as incretin mimetics that are injected to “mimic the effects of naturally occurring hormones from the intestines and can help the body” develop more insulin, according to Eli Lilly and Amylin Pharmaceuticals – the manufacturers of Byetta.

Prescription Drug Dangers

There are several varieties of type 2 diabetes medications that are available, however, several of the newer prescription drugs have also been linked to severe side effects among patients. For example, Avandia has been linked to the development of heart disease and bone fractures among patients.

Byetta (exenatide) is also one such drug that has been associated with serious side effects including the development of acute pancreatitis and inflammation of the pancreas among patients. Byetta patients who feel they may suffer from Byetta side effects are encouraged to locate a pharmaceutical lawyer to discuss their class action lawsuit.

Peter Kent
http://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/insulin-producing-cells-developed-in-mice-for-diabetics-685732.html

To compare the role of glibenclamide and pioglitazone drugs in type 11 non- insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients.

Introduction:-

Diabetes comes from the greek word for ‘SIPHON” which one is the first term and implies for a lot of urine is made .The trm “mellitus” comes from a laton word, “met” which means “honey” and was used because the urine was sweet (Wheeler,2004)

Diabetic ketaocidosis is one of life threatening condition requiring some data hospitalization and treatment. Recognition of this condition is of almost importance, because even small delays can have an impact on survival (Nattrass, 2006). Hypoglycaemia are involved in insulin induced episodes in individuals with diabetes. Probably the major factor prescribing, insulin treated patient from achieving the glucose targets needed to prevent diabetic complications. The incidence of hypoglycaemia reflects the inadequancy of current mathods of insulin delievery which lead ot inappropriately high insulin concentration, particularly some persons after eating more foods at night onset of blindness and also a major risk factor heart disease and stroke

(Heller, 2003).

TYPES OF DIABETE MELLITUS

Type II diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder associated with, b -cells dysfunction and with varying degree of insulin resistance primary pathogenic factors leading insulin resistance leading to type 2 diabetes and decreased insulin, secretion which arise from abnormalities with in liver, skeletal muscle and pancreatic b -cells (charles & clark, 1996).

GESTATIONAL DIABETUS MELLITUS

SECONDARY DIABETUS MELLITUS:

Secondary diabetes is due to disease of the pancreatic and endocrime system, genetic disorders, or exposure to chemical agents.

Type – I diabetes formerly known as insluin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), is characterized by the destruction of the pancreatic beta cells that produces inslulin

Type – I diabetes formerly known as insulin dependent diabetes(IDDM),is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells that produces insulin.Type-1 diabetes occures most often in children and young adults but it can occures at any age.(Anderson et al 2007).

Type-11 diabetes is not straight uprward. A pancreas that does not produce enough insulin. Liver that release too much glucose,muscle cells that do not readily take in glucose.(Carren 2008)

Many genetic factors are involved in the development of diabetes.Because of new genetic methodology researchers are closers to identifying all of the cadidate gene for both non –insulin dependent and insulin dependent diabetes(Bernhard,1995).

Woman who had gestation diabetes are more likely to develop Type-11diabetes themselves.Pergnant women with diabetes are another disadvantaged group.They need much more intensive antenatal care and close monitoring of blood sugar,blood pressure and weight.(jawed2006)

Over weight children the progression of child obesity into adulthood is associated with early develop of complications, including IgpG2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.Type diabetes is the most common clinical form of diabetes accountingforabout 90% of all cases,it is currently undergoing world wide epidemic. Type 11diabetes mellitus is caused by body’s infective use of insulin, it is often results from excess body weight and physical inactivity(WHO 2007).

PREVALACES& IINCIDENCE

:

Diabetes mellitus increases with aging, in 200 the prevalance of diabetes,it was estimated to be 0.19% people<20 years old and 8.6% in people>20 years old.There is considered geographic variation in the incidence of both type-1 and type-11 diabetes mellitus.Scavandinvian has the highest incidence of type-1 diabetes mellitus e.g in Finland, the incidence is 35/100,000 per year the pacific rim has a much lower rate in japan and china the incidence is 1 to 3/100,00 per year of type-1 diabetes mellitus, Northern Europe and the United States share an intermediate rate (8to17/100,000 per year).The prevalence of type 11 diabeties mellitus is highest in certain pacific island, intermediate in countries such as India and the United States, and relatively low in Russia and China.This variability is likely due to genetic, beharioral and enviromental factors(Power 2005).Diabettes mellitus prevalance also arises among different ethic population within a given countries it is common inall ethnic groups its prevalance increased with age and more than 5% of individuals of more than 65 years of age have diabetes mellitus (David Owerback 1988).The World wide prevalence of diabetes mellitus has risen dramatically over past two decades.The prevalence of type11 diabettes mellitus is expected, type 11 diabetes mellitus is more prevalent among Hispanies Native Americas,African,American,and Asians, pacific Islanders than in non- Hispanic whites,the incidence is essentially equal in woman and men in all populations. Type 11 diabetes is becoming increasingly common because people are living longer,and the prevalence of diabetes increases with age it is also seen more frequently now than before in young people, in association with the rising prevalenceof childhood obesity although type11 diabetes still countries with the estimated nubers of cases of diabetes in 2000and 2030.

Rank Country

2000 Individuals country with diabetes (milloins)

Country

2030 Individuals with diabtes (Million)

India

31.7

India

79.47

China

20.8

China

42.3

USA

17.7

USA

30.3

Indonesia

8.4

Indonesia

21.3

Japan

6.8

Pakistan

13.9

Pakistan

5.2

Brazil

11.3

Russian federation

4.6

Bangladesh

11.1

Brazil

4.6

Japan

8.9

Italy

4.3

Philippines

7.8

Bangladesh

3.2

Egypt

6.7

(Wareham& FOROUHI 2OO6)

DRUG TREATMENT OF DIABETIES MELLITUS

:

Biguanides lower blood glucose, they increase glucose uptake and utilize in skeletal muscle there by reducing insulin resistance, and reduce hepatic glucose production (gluconeogenesis).Lower blood glucose, addionally reduces low denisity and very low denisity lipoproteins (LDL and VLDL) respectively. Metformin has a half life of about 3 hours and is excreted unchanged in the urine.Clinically metformin used in type 2 diabetic who are obese and who fail treatment with diet alone.Adverse effects are produced dose related gastrointestinal disturbances e.g anorexia,diarrhoea,nausea,lactic acidosis rare but potentially fatal toxic effect.(Dale,2003).

Improving insulin sensitivity by activating certain genes involved in fat synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism Rosigilitazone and Piogiltazone are currently approved.Thiazolidinediones. Thiazolidinediones do not cause hypoglycemia when used alone,although they are usually taken in combination with sulfonylurease.

In some incouraging studies, thaiazolidiniones have produced very favorable effects on the heart, including reducing blood pressure and improving triglycerides and cholestrol levels including increasing HDL level,the good cholestrol. They may also block a molecule called 11 Best HSK that may play a significant role in metabolic syndrome,as well as diabetes type11. One study also sugessted that Rosiglitazone may even improve beta cells functions and so help prevent progression of diabetes.Anemia, weight gain, increased risk of fluid buildup, may worson heart failure.Troglitazone,was withdrawn after a few reports of heart failure.Liver failure abd death.Current Thiazoldinediones don not appear to pose the same effects on the liver although there have been a few reports of liver injury.

In patients with dietry failur the choice of a sulfonylurea agent or insulin therapy has been controversial and empric in favour of insulin therapy are the studies, who reported marked improvement post receptor diagnostic after intensive short term therapy in untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus (Scarlett et al,1984) Sulfonylureas further classified into two groups or generations based on their potency,duration,drug interaction,side effects profiles. Sulfonylureas enhance insulin action in cells in culture and stimulate the synthesis of glucose transporters (Jacobes et al 1998).A sulfonylurea drug should normally be the insulin secretagogue of choice, NICE (National Institute for Clinical Excellence) also recommends that a generic ,drug should be perscribed (Scsade et al1998).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND MATERIAL AND METHODS:

This study was conducted in the deprtment of Pharmacololgy and Therapeutics,Basic Medical Science Institute,Jinnah,Postgraduate Medical Centre,karachi under kind supervision od DRr:GhulamRsool Mashori,Associate Professoer and Head OF Department Of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in colloboration with Medical Outpatient Department Unit111 and Filter Clinic, Medical Department, JPMC,Karachi.

Seventy NIDDM (type-II)diabetic patients were initially enrolled in the study from the filter clinic/ out patient department Medical Unit III ,and diabetic clinic.Out of this 60 diabetic patients were associated in whole period of study, remaining 10 patients were dropped due to poor comlpiance or change in residential place.All the patients were divided in two main groups,groupI and in group II these patients were selected in this study according of inclusion and exclusion criteria.

INCLUSION CRITERIA

:

• Newly diagnose patients of non Insulin Dependent Diabtes Mellitus.
• Diagnsed patients of diabetes also including having no any history medication.
• Having either sex of age between 30 to 60 years.
• Diagnosed patients who were Non Insulin Depedent Diabetes Mellitus who were treated with Pioglitazone.
• Diagnosed patients who were Non Imsulin Depedent Mellitus, who were treated with drug Glibenclamide.

EXCLUSION CRIRERIA

:

• Patients suffering from blood pressure.
• Patients suffering from liver disease.
• Patients suffering from cardiac disease.
• Pregnancies and lactating women.
• Patient suffering from renal disorders.
• Patients having serious complications.

MATERIAL:

1. Lacets.
2. Lancet Hlder(Abbots easy touch TM2 lot 03 Asee).
3. Glucometer(Medisense) optilim one touch(Abbotts).
4. Blood glucose nest trpis (IVD for Invitro diagnostic use (Abbott Labortries,Medisense UK Ltd,Abigngdon,Ox14ITR,Masde in UK). Stored between minimum 30?, (4°-30° C) and Maximum 40°C (39°-86°F).
5. Weight Machine Model No 1101 Lot No.312. TANTIATA.

DRUGS

Tab:Daonil 5 mg (Aventis Pharma)

Drug category:Sulphonylurea.

Generic Name: Glibenclamide.

MFGLIC:No.000007 RegistrationNO.000220

MFG Date:0-06

EXP Date:7-10

Lot NO:B230

Tab:piozer (Hilton Pharm) PvtLTd.

Tab:Poizer 15mg

Drug category:Thaiazolinedione.

Generic Name:Pioglitazone Hydrochloride.

MFG LIC: O.000136 Registration No.03270

MFG Date:3-06

EXP Date:3-o9

Lot No:6287

Tab: Poizer (Hilton Pharma)pvt ltd.

PARAMETERS:

Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS).

Random Blood Sugar (RBS).

Weight.

Key words:Diabetes mellitus,Non-insulin diabetes mellitus,Insulin depedent diabetes mellitus, Daonil,poizer,Insulin.

RESULTS:

Table 1

Weight and Blood Sugar level observed on baseline day 0

In group1 and group11

Group 1

Group 11

Pioglitazone n=27

Glibenclamide n=33

Weight

63.37

+ 2.25

¯

62.7

+ 15.56

¯

Fasting Blood Sugar

172.7

+ 13.32

¯

188.42

+ 12.o5

¯

Random Blood Sugar

285.11

+ 15 .532

¯

284.18

+ 17.07

¯

All Values are expressed in Means± SEM.

FIGURE-1 weight and blood sugar levels observed on baseline (day-o)

In table No shpwing the weight (KG’S) and blood sugar (msg/dl0 levels which is observed on baseline (day-0) in both groups 9group: 1 & group11)

Group: 1 Weight in (Kg’s) mean + SEM) IS 63.37±2.25 Fasting blood sugar 172.7±13.32,and Random

blood sugar 285.11±15.32

Group:11

Weight (KG’s0 (mean +SEM)62.7±1.56 Fasting blood sugar (mg/dl0 188.42±12.05, Random blood sugar is 284.18±17.03.

Figure 2: showing the weight and blood sugar levels observed in base line (day-0) in group: 1 and group 11 weight in 9kg’s) its mean values are 63.37,62.7, Fasting blood sugar in (mg/dl) is 172.71, 188.42 Random blood sugar (mg/dl) is 285.11 &284.18.

TABLE: 2

Peroidic Observation In All Parameters Group1

Goup1(Pioglitazon) n=27

P-value

Day-0

Day-45

Day-90

Day-0to45

Day-45-90

Weight

63.37

±2.25

63.63

±2.26

63.63

±2.23

>0.05

(NS)

>0.05

(NS)

Fasting blood sugar

172.7

±13.32

165.04

±8.98

153.37

±7.59

>0.05

(NS)

0.05

(NS)

Randomblood sugar

285.11

±15.32

279.78

±13.63

255.56

±12.65

>0.05

(NS)

>0.05

(NS)

All values are expressed in Mean±SEM .(NS) Non significant.

Showing the periodic observations in all parameters in group 1 (piogiltazone) (n+27) weight P.value (day 0 to day 45)>0.05 (NS). Fasting blood sugar >0.05 (NS) Random blood sugar >0.05 (NS) P.values day 90 weight >0.05 (N.S), FBS>0.05 (N.S) 7RBS >0.05(N.S) NON SIGNIFICANT

FIGURE:2 Showing the periodic observation in all parameters in group 1 on day0 day 45& day-90.Mean values in weight (Kg) is 63.37,63.26,63.63, fbs (mg/dl) 172.7,165.04,153.37,RBS(mg/dl) 285.11,279.78,255.56.

TABLE NO3

Peroidic Observation in All Parameters Group11

Group 11 (Glibenclamide)

N=33

P-value

Day-0

Day-45

Day-90

Day-0 to 45

Day-45 to 90

Weight

62.7

±1.56

65.64

±2.10

64.55

±1.92

>0.05(NS)

0.05(NS0

Fasting blood sugar

188.42

±12.05

168.45

±10.99

140.06

±5.68

>0.05(NS)

>0.05(S)

Random blood sugar

284.18

±17.03

220.12

±13.39

170.94

±5.80

<0.005 (MS)

0.002(MS0

(s) significant, (MS) moderate significant

All values are expressed in Mean±SEM.

Table No3:

Showing the periodic observation in all parameter in goup:11, Group:11 containing drug (Glibenclamide),no of patients (n=33).It’s P-value on day 0 to day 45 on weight >0.05(NS),FBS>0.05(N.S) RBS<0.005 (MS) <0.01- AND DAY 45 TO DAY 90 WEIGHT >0.05 (NS) FBS (0.05) RBS <0.002(M.S0 moderately significant.

Figure 3:Shwing the periodic observations in all parameters in Group 11 weight 62.7,65.64,64.55,FBS (MG/DL) 188.42,168.45 140.06,RBS(mg/dl) 284.18 220.12, 170.94 (on day-0-day 45 to 90).

DISCUSSION:

In Denmark Beck-Nielsenet al,skillman TG (1981) published studies demonstation that glyburide increased he number of receptors on the monocytes of patients with type 11 diabetes mellitus. Some patients were treated with diet and in cobination of second generation sulfonyureas agents Wie. The numbers of insulin receptors all patients were measured before and after the treatment.Intrvenous glucose test shows the persistent impairent of insulin secretion afterthe starting of drug therapy.However those patient who were on drug Pioglitazone some results were obtained of insulin secretion in the impairment in early drug drug therapy.Clinical observations have suggested that the second generation sulfonylureas may exert their effects by potentiating insulin released by other primary stimulators Insulin secreting drug.

According to the study of WilliamC Dukworth et al(1972), aftr the chronic treatment with sulfonylureas it is well documented that plasma insulin levels were decreased in response to oral glucose load. This apparently occures even though glucose tolerance is improved over pre-treatment, levels,present study clearly support that study.

The result og group 11 correlates with the research conducted by Bonnie &Kimmel (2005) produces the same results as FBS reduces from baseline, and at the end of study,with an overall 23.44%,reduction,while with the results showed at the end of study peroid p-value were (p<0,001).

Similarly Michael Alvarsson et al (2003) conducted a similar type of study and the found and overall changes of change of 22.11% in Fbs and 40.88% in Rbs at the end of trial p-value were (p<0.001).

However a study conducted by (Stone &Brown in (2003) didnot match to our results in the parameter of FBS and observer a reduction of 26.22%.

CONCLUSION:

In the light of study discussion it is obiovus the glibenclamide was more effective,tolerable and safer than pioglitzone in a short duration.Diabetes Mellitus is chronic prolong disease for whole life.Poor community can afford it easily,on base of marketing of this drug in pakistan diabetes patients easily go and purchase economically,in fact ,mostly people buy it from pharmacy without dr’s perscription,because pharmacist and patient both of know about this disease.Just like dispirin as analgesic,it is famous anti-diabetic drug in our states as compared of other anti-diabetic drugs.

REFERNCES:

1. Anderson J,Kendall,Perryman.S etal,”Diet and Diabettes” Diabetes 2006,16(3):17-19-
2. Bui H- Type 1 diabetes in childhood-Medicine 2006,3 ,1-3
3. Bernhard –Diabetes-type 11 diabetes mellitus Diabetes care 1995,19(100:12-17-
4. Clark CM-Oral therapyin type11 diabetes-pharmacological properties and clinical use of current use of currently available agents-Diabetes spectrum 1998,11(4):211-221.
5. Carren M.Types of Diabetes mellitus-Diabettes 2006 10 (3),07-
6. David Owerback NJ-Prevalence in diabetes population-Diabetes 1988,02(6):31-32
7. Dale MM,-Treatment of Diabetes mellitus –pharmacology 20035th edition:287-391.
8. Heller SR –Hypoglycemic in diabetes Ketoacidosis and hypoglycemic-Medicine 2006:34(03):102-110.
9. Jawad F Untraveling the mystry of Diabetes’Diabetes 2006;15(3):13-15.
10. Jacobes D-Insulin-Diabetes 1998;6(3);1160126.
11. Lambert and Bingliy-basic facts-medicine 2006,34(6):3-7.
12. Natters M-Ketoacdosis and hyperglycemia-Medicine 2006;34(3):104-106.
13. Power AC-Epidemiology of type11 diabetes Basic facts of diabetes –Diabetes 2005;1(1)7-9
14. Scarlet Oral therapy in type 11 diabetes sulfonylureas 1984;16(10);3-9.
15. Schade DS et al A placebo controlled randomized study of glimepiride in patients of Diabetes mellitus- Diabetes 19998, 38(7);636-641.
16. Warchman and Forouhi-Epidimology of Diabetes- Diabetes basic facts- Medicine 2006 ;34(2);57-60
17. Wheeler Gd- Aaccident dicovery led to the noble prize for canadian reseachers,2005,01-02.
18. WHO Report-Health-Diabetes Mellitus-Defiition and types of Diabetes 2007;1:1-4.

lalaghulamrasool bhurgri

Copyright (c) 2008 Katie Kelley

Recently a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that type 2 diabetes patients who were treated with low-dose aspirin were found to have no significant decrease of antherosclerotic events, also known as hardening or clotting of the arteries, although those over the age of 65 with heart disease and type 2 diabetes did see a reduction of antherosclerotic incidence.

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) reports that the development of diabetes means more than just managing insulin levels, but it also requires the management of potential risks such as heart disease, heart failure and stroke. According to the ADA, “people with diabetes must also manage blood pressure and cholesterol and talk to their health provider to learn about other ways to reduce their chance for heart attacks and strokes.”

What is Cardiovascular Disease?

Cardiovascular disease occur for many reasons but often leads to heart failure, which occurs when the blood backs up into the pulmonary veins, according to the American Heart Association (AHA). There are an array of disease and conditions related to cardiovascular disease including:

* 
 arrhythmia

* 
 cardiac rehab

* 
 cholesterol

* 
 congenital heart disease

* 
 diabetes

* 
 heart attack

* 
 heart failure

* 
 high blood pressure

* 
 obesity

* 
 peripheral artery disease

* 
 stroke

Additionally, there are several signs and symptoms that individuals who have type 2 diabetes should watch for, as they may be developing heart failure related to their diabetes or other heart disease: 
 * shortness of breath

* persistent coughing or wheezing

* 
 edema

* tiredness/fatigue

* 
 nausea

* 
 confusion, impaired thinking

* increased heart rate

Developing, Treating Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is when the body cannot or does not produce enough insulin, also known as blood sugar, in order to provide the body with energy. A small sampling of type 2 diabetes drugs available for prescription purposes include the following:

* 
 Avandia

* 
 Actos

* 
 Byetta

Commonly these drugs are used to either introduce insulin to the body or to use the body?s natural insulin levels within the body. However, there are an array of type 2 diabetes drug side effects that can occur. One such drug is known as Byetta, exenatide, from Amylin Pharmaceuticals and Eli Lilly, which has been associated with severe risks among type 2 diabetes patients.

Byetta has allegedly been causing pancreatitis among patients. Those consuming the drug Byetta for their condition may need to consult medical attention or speak to their doctor about potential risks common among the drug’s side effects. It may also be necessary for a patient to contact a pharmaceutical attorney to develop litigation or a Byetta class action lawsuit. 


Katie Kelley

If you are diagnosed with pre-diabetes then you should be thankful because you have been given a final chance to evade full type 2 diabetes. www.squidoo.com

Another diabetes question!
First of all let me just say that Mickey is under vet supervision and has been since she was diagnosed (well, she’s always had a vet obviously) so you don’t need to tell me to take her to the vet!
My question is this, Mickey is a 4.5kg (down from 8kg) Maine Coon female that I rescued who is 12 years old and is just completely lovely but she has diabetes. She’s been on Caninsulin (Vetinsulin in the USA) for approx 5 weeks. She started on 3 units twice a day then because her BG (blood glucose) wasn’t low enough at the nadir, she went up to 4 units and then for the same reason has been upped to 5 units but it would appear from her water consumption that her BG still isn’t under control. She’s back at the vets on Friday for another test (she’s been going weekly) so I’ll know for sure but has anyone else had such a hard time stabilising a diabetic cat on caninsulin? I’m storing the insulin correctly (fridge), doing the injections properly at the correct times, feeding her as per guidelines etc.
The other question I have is about Royal Canin for diabetics – this food is recommended for diabetic cats and it’s extremely low in carbs and high in protein but she likes plain tuna with it. The vet says this is OK (Science Diet MD made her stomach go bad) and I can’t imagine that it would affect the blood glucose levels but I can’t be sure.

I will say that Mickey is very bright and alert, is cleaning herself and has never ever in her whole life peed outside the litter box. We’ve also ruled out concurrent hyperthyroidism and her kidneys are in good shape.
So as I said, she’s back at the vets on Friday but I was just wanting to know if anyone else had this much trouble stabilising a diabetic cat. And I know cats are hard to stabilise on insulin.
Thanks!
Thanks for that. I’m aware of and frequent both sites. I don’t regard this as a ‘difficult’ time, it’s just something that needs to be done.
I am very educated on feline diabetes and as I said, am seeing a vet weekly but I want to hear from the owners of other diabetic cats re: their experiences stabilising their cats on insulin, especially Caninsulin (vetinsulin). But thanks!

Does the D.O.T. allow insulin-dependant diabetics to get their CDLs? My boyfriend was planning on getting his CDL and then he was diagnosed with diabetes. He has to take daily insulin shots. His treatment and his disease don’t really interfere with his life. So, no comas, no seizures, or anything like that. He’s heard that means he can’t drive a truck, and he’s seriously bumming. Is this true? Or is that considered discrimination? Does the D.O.T. have guidelines covering health issues for drivers? Thanks for your help!
Well, he doesnt have any “attacks” he doesn’t have seizures, or any black outs. He just does a daily shot of insulin, takes metformin and avandia. He doesn’t use an insulin pump, those guys who have “Attacks” usually rely on an insulin pump. It hasn’t progressed that far yet.

Diabetes Mellitus is a kind of diabetic disease wherein the body may not be able to regulate the quantity of sugar (particularly glucose) in the blood.

Glucose is the blood sugar that gives energy to the body in performing daily activities, like brisk walking, riding in the bike, running for the bus ride and performing daily house chores.

The liver, an organ on the right side portion of the abdomen adjacent to the stomach, produces glucose in the blood.

In a healthy individual, several hormones, like insulin regulate the blood glucose. The pancreas, a little organ amid the liver and stomach produces insulin. It also secretes other vital enzymes which aid in digestion of food. Insulin permits glucose to travel from the blood to the liver, fat cells and muscles wherein it is utilized for fuel.

People who has diabetes either can not create sufficient insulin (type I diabetes) or may not utilize insulin properly (type II diabetes), or both (that happens with some types of diabetes).

In diabetes, blood glucose can not travel into the cells; hence, it stays within the blood. It inflicts harm to the cells which need glucose as fuel; it also harms particular tissues and organs which are exposed to high scale of glucose.

Practice healthy lifestyle or modify lifestyle and/or particular medications may be used with people who have pre- diabetes in order to avoid progression to diabetes. Pre-diabetes may be identified by examination of fasting blood sugar and 2 hours after taking in 75 grams of glucose.

If someone has diabetes already, focus should be in the prevention of complications, which may cause severe disabilities like blindness, amputation, kidney failure which needs dialysis or ultimately death.

Salacia oblonga Indian herb also known as Ponkoranti. It has
been used by Indian natives since ancient times to effectively
manage Diabetes. This is a effective cure for type 2 diabetes.
Reduction in blood sugar levels can be observed within 5 days of
usage. It is also a strong weight gain inhibitor and effectively
controls weight gain commonly associated with type 2 diabetic
patients.

The recommended dosage is 1000 mg twice daily. To purchase this
medicine visit www.salaciaoblongacapsules.com write to
info@salaciaoblongacapsules.com

LEARN MORE ABOUT THIS HERB ON
www.nutrasolutions.com/CDA/ArticleInformation/news…

http://www.newstarget.com/005986.html

http://www.news-medical.net/?id=7685

For Salacia Oblonga herb Capsules and Extract Write to Botanika
herbalpowders@operamail.com treeseeds@operamail.com
treeseeds@rediffmail.com : : : : WWW.SALACIAOBLONGACAPSULES.COM
Traditional Indian medicine, herb Salacia oblonga may help treat
diabetes Posted By: News-Medical in Medical Study News
Published: Tuesday, 8-Feb-2005 Printer Friendly Email to a
Friend : : : : Herbs used in traditional Indian medicine to
treat diabetes seems to lower blood sugar and insulin levels in
a manner similar to prescription drugs, a new study reports.
Researchers gave extracts of the herb Salacia oblonga to 39
healthy adults, and the results were promising. The largest dose
of the herb extract – 1,000 milligrams – decreased insulin and
blood glucose levels by 29 and 23 percent, respectively. : :
“These kinds of reductions are similar to what we might see with
prescription oral medications for people with diabetes,” said
Steve Hertzler, a study co-author and an assistant professor of
nutrition at Ohio State University. : : Salacia oblonga, which
is native to regions of India and Sri Lanka, binds to intestinal
enzymes that break down carbohydrates in the body. These
enzymes, called alpha-glucosidases, turn carbohydrates into
glucose, the sugar that circulates throughout the body. If the
enzyme binds to the herbal extract rather than to a
carbohydrate, then less glucose gets into the blood stream,
resulting in lowered blood glucose and insulin levels. : :
“Lowering blood glucose levels lowers the risk of
disease-related complications in people with diabetes,” Hertzler
said. “Also, poor compliance with diabetes medications often
hinders the effectiveness of these drugs. It may be easier to
get someone to take an herb with food or in a beverage, as
opposed to a pill.” : : The study appears in a recent issue of
the Journal of the American Dietetic Association. : :
Thirty-nine healthy adults participated in four separate meal
tolerance tests. These meals, which were given in beverage form,
were spaced three to 14 days apart. Each participant fasted for
at least 10 hours before consuming the test beverage. : :
Participants were asked to drink about two cups’ worth of the
chilled beverage, which contained zero, 500, 700 or 1,000
milligrams of Salacia oblonga extract. Afterward, the
researchers used the finger-prick method to draw blood samples
from each person every 15 to 30 minutes for three hours. These
blood samples were used to determine insulin and blood glucose
concentrations. The biggest changes in blood glucose and insulin
levels usually happen within the first two hours after eating. :
: The beverage that contained the highest concentration of the
herbal extract – 1,000 milligrams – provided the most dramatic
reduction in insulin and blood glucose levels. Insulin levels
were 29 percent lower, while blood glucose levels were 23
percent lower as compared to the control drink, which contained
no herbal extract. : : As Salacia oblonga can cause intestinal
gas, the researchers had the study participants collect breath
hydrogen samples hourly for eight hours after drinking the test
beverage. The participants collected their breath in small
plastic tubes. The researchers then analyzed these breath
samples for hydrogen and methane content – the level of either
substance in the breath corresponds to the level contained in
the colon. : : The subjects also rated the frequency and
intensity of nausea, abdominal cramping and distention and gas
for two days after consuming each test meal. : : While the test
beverages containing Salacia oblonga caused an increase in
breath hydrogen excretion, reports of gastrointestinal
discomfort were minimal, Hertzler said. : : Right now he and his
colleagues are trying to figure out what dose of the herb is
most effective, and when it should be taken relative to a meal.
: : “We want to know how long it takes for the herb to bind to
the enzymes that break down carbohydrates,” Hertzler said. “The
participants in this study took the herb with their meal, but
maybe taking it before eating would be even more effective.” : :
The researchers also want to study the effects of Salacia
oblonga in people with diabetes. : : “A lot of studies show that
lowering blood sugar levels reduces the risk for all kinds of
diabetes-related complications, such as kidney disease and nerve
and eye damage,” Hertzler said. “We want to see if this herb has
this kind of effect.” : : Salacia oblonga is still relatively
difficult to find in the United States, Hertzler said, although
there are manufacturers that sell the herb through the Internet.
: : This study was supported by the Ross Products Division of
Abbott Laboratories in Columbus. : : Hertzler is continuing to
conduct Salacia oblonga studies with the Ross Products Division
of Abbott Laboratories. He has no links to the company beyond
this affiliation. : : Hertzler conducted the work with former
Ohio State colleague Patricia Heacock, who is now at Rutgers,
the State University of New Jersey; Jennifer Williams, a
clinical scientist with Ross Products Division, Abbott
Laboratories; and Bryan Wolf, a former research scientists with
Ross Products Division

Goldie
http://www.articlesbase.com/advertising-articles/ayurvedic-medicne-for-type-2-diabetes-287.html

Salacia oblonga Indian herb also known as Ponkoranti. It has
been used by Indian natives since ancient times to effectively
manage Diabetes. This is a effective cure for type 2 diabetes.
Reduction in blood sugar levels can be observed within 5 days of
usage. It is also a strong weight gain inhibitor and effectively
controls weight gain commonly associated with type 2 diabetic
patients.

The recommended dosage is 1000 mg twice daily. To purchase this
medicine visit www.salaciaoblongacapsules.com write to
info@salaciaoblongacapsules.com

LEARN MORE ABOUT THIS HERB ON
www.nutrasolutions.com/CDA/ArticleInformation/news…

http://www.newstarget.com/005986.html

http://www.news-medical.net/?id=7685

For Salacia Oblonga herb Capsules and Extract Write to Botanika
herbalpowders@operamail.com treeseeds@operamail.com
treeseeds@rediffmail.com : : : : WWW.SALACIAOBLONGACAPSULES.COM
Traditional Indian medicine, herb Salacia oblonga may help treat
diabetes Posted By: News-Medical in Medical Study News
Published: Tuesday, 8-Feb-2005 Printer Friendly Email to a
Friend : : : : Herbs used in traditional Indian medicine to
treat diabetes seems to lower blood sugar and insulin levels in
a manner similar to prescription drugs, a new study reports.
Researchers gave extracts of the herb Salacia oblonga to 39
healthy adults, and the results were promising. The largest dose
of the herb extract – 1,000 milligrams – decreased insulin and
blood glucose levels by 29 and 23 percent, respectively. : :
“These kinds of reductions are similar to what we might see with
prescription oral medications for people with diabetes,” said
Steve Hertzler, a study co-author and an assistant professor of
nutrition at Ohio State University. : : Salacia oblonga, which
is native to regions of India and Sri Lanka, binds to intestinal
enzymes that break down carbohydrates in the body. These
enzymes, called alpha-glucosidases, turn carbohydrates into
glucose, the sugar that circulates throughout the body. If the
enzyme binds to the herbal extract rather than to a
carbohydrate, then less glucose gets into the blood stream,
resulting in lowered blood glucose and insulin levels. : :
“Lowering blood glucose levels lowers the risk of
disease-related complications in people with diabetes,” Hertzler
said. “Also, poor compliance with diabetes medications often
hinders the effectiveness of these drugs. It may be easier to
get someone to take an herb with food or in a beverage, as
opposed to a pill.” : : The study appears in a recent issue of
the Journal of the American Dietetic Association. : :
Thirty-nine healthy adults participated in four separate meal
tolerance tests. These meals, which were given in beverage form,
were spaced three to 14 days apart. Each participant fasted for
at least 10 hours before consuming the test beverage. : :
Participants were asked to drink about two cups’ worth of the
chilled beverage, which contained zero, 500, 700 or 1,000
milligrams of Salacia oblonga extract. Afterward, the
researchers used the finger-prick method to draw blood samples
from each person every 15 to 30 minutes for three hours. These
blood samples were used to determine insulin and blood glucose
concentrations. The biggest changes in blood glucose and insulin
levels usually happen within the first two hours after eating. :
: The beverage that contained the highest concentration of the
herbal extract – 1,000 milligrams – provided the most dramatic
reduction in insulin and blood glucose levels. Insulin levels
were 29 percent lower, while blood glucose levels were 23
percent lower as compared to the control drink, which contained
no herbal extract. : : As Salacia oblonga can cause intestinal
gas, the researchers had the study participants collect breath
hydrogen samples hourly for eight hours after drinking the test
beverage. The participants collected their breath in small
plastic tubes. The researchers then analyzed these breath
samples for hydrogen and methane content – the level of either
substance in the breath corresponds to the level contained in
the colon. : : The subjects also rated the frequency and
intensity of nausea, abdominal cramping and distention and gas
for two days after consuming each test meal. : : While the test
beverages containing Salacia oblonga caused an increase in
breath hydrogen excretion, reports of gastrointestinal
discomfort were minimal, Hertzler said. : : Right now he and his
colleagues are trying to figure out what dose of the herb is
most effective, and when it should be taken relative to a meal.
: : “We want to know how long it takes for the herb to bind to
the enzymes that break down carbohydrates,” Hertzler said. “The
participants in this study took the herb with their meal, but
maybe taking it before eating would be even more effective.” : :
The researchers also want to study the effects of Salacia
oblonga in people with diabetes. : : “A lot of studies show that
lowering blood sugar levels reduces the risk for all kinds of
diabetes-related complications, such as kidney disease and nerve
and eye damage,” Hertzler said. “We want to see if this herb has
this kind of effect.” : : Salacia oblonga is still relatively
difficult to find in the United States, Hertzler said, although
there are manufacturers that sell the herb through the Internet.
: : This study was supported by the Ross Products Division of
Abbott Laboratories in Columbus. : : Hertzler is continuing to
conduct Salacia oblonga studies with the Ross Products Division
of Abbott Laboratories. He has no links to the company beyond
this affiliation. : : Hertzler conducted the work with former
Ohio State colleague Patricia Heacock, who is now at Rutgers,
the State University of New Jersey; Jennifer Williams, a
clinical scientist with Ross Products Division, Abbott
Laboratories; and Bryan Wolf, a former research scientists with
Ross Products Division

Goldie
http://www.articlesbase.com/advertising-articles/herbal-medicine-for-type-2-diabetes-292.html

Salacia oblonga Indian herb also known as Ponkoranti. It has
been used by Indian natives since ancient times to effectively
manage Diabetes. This is a effective cure for type 2 diabetes.
Reduction in blood sugar levels can be observed within 5 days of
usage. It is also a strong weight gain inhibitor and effectively
controls weight gain commonly associated with type 2 diabetic
patients.

The recommended dosage is 1000 mg twice daily.

To purchase this medicine visit www.salaciaoblongacapsules.com
write to info@salaciaoblongacapsules.com

LEARN MORE ABOUT THIS HERB ON
www.nutrasolutions.com/CDA/ArticleInformation/news…

http://www.newstarget.com/005986.html

http://www.news-medical.net/?id=7685

For Salacia Oblonga herb Capsules and Extract Write to Botanika
herbalpowders@operamail.com treeseeds@operamail.com
treeseeds@rediffmail.com : : : : WWW.SALACIAOBLONGACAPSULES.COM
Traditional Indian medicine, herb Salacia oblonga may help treat
diabetes Posted By: News-Medical in Medical Study News
Published: Tuesday, 8-Feb-2005 Printer Friendly Email to a
Friend : : : : Herbs used in traditional Indian medicine to
treat diabetes seems to lower blood sugar and insulin levels in
a manner similar to prescription drugs, a new study reports.
Researchers gave extracts of the herb Salacia oblonga to 39
healthy adults, and the results were promising. The largest dose
of the herb extract – 1,000 milligrams – decreased insulin and
blood glucose levels by 29 and 23 percent, respectively. : :
“These kinds of reductions are similar to what we might see with
prescription oral medications for people with diabetes,” said
Steve Hertzler, a study co-author and an assistant professor of
nutrition at Ohio State University. : : Salacia oblonga, which
is native to regions of India and Sri Lanka, binds to intestinal
enzymes that break down carbohydrates in the body. These
enzymes, called alpha-glucosidases, turn carbohydrates into
glucose, the sugar that circulates throughout the body. If the
enzyme binds to the herbal extract rather than to a
carbohydrate, then less glucose gets into the blood stream,
resulting in lowered blood glucose and insulin levels. : :
“Lowering blood glucose levels lowers the risk of
disease-related complications in people with diabetes,” Hertzler
said. “Also, poor compliance with diabetes medications often
hinders the effectiveness of these drugs. It may be easier to
get someone to take an herb with food or in a beverage, as
opposed to a pill.” : : The study appears in a recent issue of
the Journal of the American Dietetic Association. : :
Thirty-nine healthy adults participated in four separate meal
tolerance tests. These meals, which were given in beverage form,
were spaced three to 14 days apart. Each participant fasted for
at least 10 hours before consuming the test beverage. : :
Participants were asked to drink about two cups’ worth of the
chilled beverage, which contained zero, 500, 700 or 1,000
milligrams of Salacia oblonga extract. Afterward, the
researchers used the finger-prick method to draw blood samples
from each person every 15 to 30 minutes for three hours. These
blood samples were used to determine insulin and blood glucose
concentrations. The biggest changes in blood glucose and insulin
levels usually happen within the first two hours after eating. :
: The beverage that contained the highest concentration of the
herbal extract – 1,000 milligrams – provided the most dramatic
reduction in insulin and blood glucose levels. Insulin levels
were 29 percent lower, while blood glucose levels were 23
percent lower as compared to the control drink, which contained
no herbal extract. : : As Salacia oblonga can cause intestinal
gas, the researchers had the study participants collect breath
hydrogen samples hourly for eight hours after drinking the test
beverage. The participants collected their breath in small
plastic tubes. The researchers then analyzed these breath
samples for hydrogen and methane content – the level of either
substance in the breath corresponds to the level contained in
the colon. : : The subjects also rated the frequency and
intensity of nausea, abdominal cramping and distention and gas
for two days after consuming each test meal. : : While the test
beverages containing Salacia oblonga caused an increase in
breath hydrogen excretion, reports of gastrointestinal
discomfort were minimal, Hertzler said. : : Right now he and his
colleagues are trying to figure out what dose of the herb is
most effective, and when it should be taken relative to a meal.
: : “We want to know how long it takes for the herb to bind to
the enzymes that break down carbohydrates,” Hertzler said. “The
participants in this study took the herb with their meal, but
maybe taking it before eating would be even more effective.” : :
The researchers also want to study the effects of Salacia
oblonga in people with diabetes. : : “A lot of studies show that
lowering blood sugar levels reduces the risk for all kinds of
diabetes-related complications, such as kidney disease and nerve
and eye damage,” Hertzler said. “We want to see if this herb has
this kind of effect.” : : Salacia oblonga is still relatively
difficult to find in the United States, Hertzler said, although
there are manufacturers that sell the herb through the Internet.
: : This study was supported by the Ross Products Division of
Abbott Laboratories in Columbus. : : Hertzler is continuing to
conduct Salacia oblonga studies with the Ross Products Division
of Abbott Laboratories. He has no links to the company beyond
this affiliation. : : Hertzler conducted the work with former
Ohio State colleague Patricia Heacock, who is now at Rutgers,
the State University of New Jersey; Jennifer Williams, a
clinical scientist with Ross Products Division, Abbott
Laboratories; and Bryan Wolf, a former research scientists with
Ross Products Divisio

Goldie
http://www.articlesbase.com/advertising-articles/diabetes-medicine-294.html