Diabetes Guidelines

To compare the role of glibenclamide and pioglitazone drugs in type 11 non- insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients.

Introduction:-

Diabetes comes from the greek word for ‘SIPHON” which one is the first term and implies for a lot of urine is made .The trm “mellitus” comes from a laton word, “met” which means “honey” and was used because the urine was sweet (Wheeler,2004)

Diabetic ketaocidosis is one of life threatening condition requiring some data hospitalization and treatment. Recognition of this condition is of almost importance, because even small delays can have an impact on survival (Nattrass, 2006). Hypoglycaemia are involved in insulin induced episodes in individuals with diabetes. Probably the major factor prescribing, insulin treated patient from achieving the glucose targets needed to prevent diabetic complications. The incidence of hypoglycaemia reflects the inadequancy of current mathods of insulin delievery which lead ot inappropriately high insulin concentration, particularly some persons after eating more foods at night onset of blindness and also a major risk factor heart disease and stroke

(Heller, 2003).

TYPES OF DIABETE MELLITUS

Type II diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder associated with, b -cells dysfunction and with varying degree of insulin resistance primary pathogenic factors leading insulin resistance leading to type 2 diabetes and decreased insulin, secretion which arise from abnormalities with in liver, skeletal muscle and pancreatic b -cells (charles & clark, 1996).

GESTATIONAL DIABETUS MELLITUS

SECONDARY DIABETUS MELLITUS:

Secondary diabetes is due to disease of the pancreatic and endocrime system, genetic disorders, or exposure to chemical agents.

Type – I diabetes formerly known as insluin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), is characterized by the destruction of the pancreatic beta cells that produces inslulin

Type – I diabetes formerly known as insulin dependent diabetes(IDDM),is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells that produces insulin.Type-1 diabetes occures most often in children and young adults but it can occures at any age.(Anderson et al 2007).

Type-11 diabetes is not straight uprward. A pancreas that does not produce enough insulin. Liver that release too much glucose,muscle cells that do not readily take in glucose.(Carren 2008)

Many genetic factors are involved in the development of diabetes.Because of new genetic methodology researchers are closers to identifying all of the cadidate gene for both non –insulin dependent and insulin dependent diabetes(Bernhard,1995).

Woman who had gestation diabetes are more likely to develop Type-11diabetes themselves.Pergnant women with diabetes are another disadvantaged group.They need much more intensive antenatal care and close monitoring of blood sugar,blood pressure and weight.(jawed2006)

Over weight children the progression of child obesity into adulthood is associated with early develop of complications, including IgpG2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.Type diabetes is the most common clinical form of diabetes accountingforabout 90% of all cases,it is currently undergoing world wide epidemic. Type 11diabetes mellitus is caused by body’s infective use of insulin, it is often results from excess body weight and physical inactivity(WHO 2007).

PREVALACES& IINCIDENCE

:

Diabetes mellitus increases with aging, in 200 the prevalance of diabetes,it was estimated to be 0.19% people<20 years old and 8.6% in people>20 years old.There is considered geographic variation in the incidence of both type-1 and type-11 diabetes mellitus.Scavandinvian has the highest incidence of type-1 diabetes mellitus e.g in Finland, the incidence is 35/100,000 per year the pacific rim has a much lower rate in japan and china the incidence is 1 to 3/100,00 per year of type-1 diabetes mellitus, Northern Europe and the United States share an intermediate rate (8to17/100,000 per year).The prevalence of type 11 diabeties mellitus is highest in certain pacific island, intermediate in countries such as India and the United States, and relatively low in Russia and China.This variability is likely due to genetic, beharioral and enviromental factors(Power 2005).Diabettes mellitus prevalance also arises among different ethic population within a given countries it is common inall ethnic groups its prevalance increased with age and more than 5% of individuals of more than 65 years of age have diabetes mellitus (David Owerback 1988).The World wide prevalence of diabetes mellitus has risen dramatically over past two decades.The prevalence of type11 diabettes mellitus is expected, type 11 diabetes mellitus is more prevalent among Hispanies Native Americas,African,American,and Asians, pacific Islanders than in non- Hispanic whites,the incidence is essentially equal in woman and men in all populations. Type 11 diabetes is becoming increasingly common because people are living longer,and the prevalence of diabetes increases with age it is also seen more frequently now than before in young people, in association with the rising prevalenceof childhood obesity although type11 diabetes still countries with the estimated nubers of cases of diabetes in 2000and 2030.

Rank Country

2000 Individuals country with diabetes (milloins)

Country

2030 Individuals with diabtes (Million)

India

31.7

India

79.47

China

20.8

China

42.3

USA

17.7

USA

30.3

Indonesia

8.4

Indonesia

21.3

Japan

6.8

Pakistan

13.9

Pakistan

5.2

Brazil

11.3

Russian federation

4.6

Bangladesh

11.1

Brazil

4.6

Japan

8.9

Italy

4.3

Philippines

7.8

Bangladesh

3.2

Egypt

6.7

(Wareham& FOROUHI 2OO6)

DRUG TREATMENT OF DIABETIES MELLITUS

:

Biguanides lower blood glucose, they increase glucose uptake and utilize in skeletal muscle there by reducing insulin resistance, and reduce hepatic glucose production (gluconeogenesis).Lower blood glucose, addionally reduces low denisity and very low denisity lipoproteins (LDL and VLDL) respectively. Metformin has a half life of about 3 hours and is excreted unchanged in the urine.Clinically metformin used in type 2 diabetic who are obese and who fail treatment with diet alone.Adverse effects are produced dose related gastrointestinal disturbances e.g anorexia,diarrhoea,nausea,lactic acidosis rare but potentially fatal toxic effect.(Dale,2003).

Improving insulin sensitivity by activating certain genes involved in fat synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism Rosigilitazone and Piogiltazone are currently approved.Thiazolidinediones. Thiazolidinediones do not cause hypoglycemia when used alone,although they are usually taken in combination with sulfonylurease.

In some incouraging studies, thaiazolidiniones have produced very favorable effects on the heart, including reducing blood pressure and improving triglycerides and cholestrol levels including increasing HDL level,the good cholestrol. They may also block a molecule called 11 Best HSK that may play a significant role in metabolic syndrome,as well as diabetes type11. One study also sugessted that Rosiglitazone may even improve beta cells functions and so help prevent progression of diabetes.Anemia, weight gain, increased risk of fluid buildup, may worson heart failure.Troglitazone,was withdrawn after a few reports of heart failure.Liver failure abd death.Current Thiazoldinediones don not appear to pose the same effects on the liver although there have been a few reports of liver injury.

In patients with dietry failur the choice of a sulfonylurea agent or insulin therapy has been controversial and empric in favour of insulin therapy are the studies, who reported marked improvement post receptor diagnostic after intensive short term therapy in untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus (Scarlett et al,1984) Sulfonylureas further classified into two groups or generations based on their potency,duration,drug interaction,side effects profiles. Sulfonylureas enhance insulin action in cells in culture and stimulate the synthesis of glucose transporters (Jacobes et al 1998).A sulfonylurea drug should normally be the insulin secretagogue of choice, NICE (National Institute for Clinical Excellence) also recommends that a generic ,drug should be perscribed (Scsade et al1998).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND MATERIAL AND METHODS:

This study was conducted in the deprtment of Pharmacololgy and Therapeutics,Basic Medical Science Institute,Jinnah,Postgraduate Medical Centre,karachi under kind supervision od DRr:GhulamRsool Mashori,Associate Professoer and Head OF Department Of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in colloboration with Medical Outpatient Department Unit111 and Filter Clinic, Medical Department, JPMC,Karachi.

Seventy NIDDM (type-II)diabetic patients were initially enrolled in the study from the filter clinic/ out patient department Medical Unit III ,and diabetic clinic.Out of this 60 diabetic patients were associated in whole period of study, remaining 10 patients were dropped due to poor comlpiance or change in residential place.All the patients were divided in two main groups,groupI and in group II these patients were selected in this study according of inclusion and exclusion criteria.

INCLUSION CRITERIA

:

• Newly diagnose patients of non Insulin Dependent Diabtes Mellitus.
• Diagnsed patients of diabetes also including having no any history medication.
• Having either sex of age between 30 to 60 years.
• Diagnosed patients who were Non Insulin Depedent Diabetes Mellitus who were treated with Pioglitazone.
• Diagnosed patients who were Non Imsulin Depedent Mellitus, who were treated with drug Glibenclamide.

EXCLUSION CRIRERIA

:

• Patients suffering from blood pressure.
• Patients suffering from liver disease.
• Patients suffering from cardiac disease.
• Pregnancies and lactating women.
• Patient suffering from renal disorders.
• Patients having serious complications.

MATERIAL:

1. Lacets.
2. Lancet Hlder(Abbots easy touch TM2 lot 03 Asee).
3. Glucometer(Medisense) optilim one touch(Abbotts).
4. Blood glucose nest trpis (IVD for Invitro diagnostic use (Abbott Labortries,Medisense UK Ltd,Abigngdon,Ox14ITR,Masde in UK). Stored between minimum 30?, (4°-30° C) and Maximum 40°C (39°-86°F).
5. Weight Machine Model No 1101 Lot No.312. TANTIATA.

DRUGS

Tab:Daonil 5 mg (Aventis Pharma)

Drug category:Sulphonylurea.

Generic Name: Glibenclamide.

MFGLIC:No.000007 RegistrationNO.000220

MFG Date:0-06

EXP Date:7-10

Lot NO:B230

Tab:piozer (Hilton Pharm) PvtLTd.

Tab:Poizer 15mg

Drug category:Thaiazolinedione.

Generic Name:Pioglitazone Hydrochloride.

MFG LIC: O.000136 Registration No.03270

MFG Date:3-06

EXP Date:3-o9

Lot No:6287

Tab: Poizer (Hilton Pharma)pvt ltd.

PARAMETERS:

Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS).

Random Blood Sugar (RBS).

Weight.

Key words:Diabetes mellitus,Non-insulin diabetes mellitus,Insulin depedent diabetes mellitus, Daonil,poizer,Insulin.

RESULTS:

Table 1

Weight and Blood Sugar level observed on baseline day 0

In group1 and group11

Group 1

Group 11

Pioglitazone n=27

Glibenclamide n=33

Weight

63.37

+ 2.25

¯

62.7

+ 15.56

¯

Fasting Blood Sugar

172.7

+ 13.32

¯

188.42

+ 12.o5

¯

Random Blood Sugar

285.11

+ 15 .532

¯

284.18

+ 17.07

¯

All Values are expressed in Means± SEM.

FIGURE-1 weight and blood sugar levels observed on baseline (day-o)

In table No shpwing the weight (KG’S) and blood sugar (msg/dl0 levels which is observed on baseline (day-0) in both groups 9group: 1 & group11)

Group: 1 Weight in (Kg’s) mean + SEM) IS 63.37±2.25 Fasting blood sugar 172.7±13.32,and Random

blood sugar 285.11±15.32

Group:11

Weight (KG’s0 (mean +SEM)62.7±1.56 Fasting blood sugar (mg/dl0 188.42±12.05, Random blood sugar is 284.18±17.03.

Figure 2: showing the weight and blood sugar levels observed in base line (day-0) in group: 1 and group 11 weight in 9kg’s) its mean values are 63.37,62.7, Fasting blood sugar in (mg/dl) is 172.71, 188.42 Random blood sugar (mg/dl) is 285.11 &284.18.

TABLE: 2

Peroidic Observation In All Parameters Group1

Goup1(Pioglitazon) n=27

P-value

Day-0

Day-45

Day-90

Day-0to45

Day-45-90

Weight

63.37

±2.25

63.63

±2.26

63.63

±2.23

>0.05

(NS)

>0.05

(NS)

Fasting blood sugar

172.7

±13.32

165.04

±8.98

153.37

±7.59

>0.05

(NS)

0.05

(NS)

Randomblood sugar

285.11

±15.32

279.78

±13.63

255.56

±12.65

>0.05

(NS)

>0.05

(NS)

All values are expressed in Mean±SEM .(NS) Non significant.

Showing the periodic observations in all parameters in group 1 (piogiltazone) (n+27) weight P.value (day 0 to day 45)>0.05 (NS). Fasting blood sugar >0.05 (NS) Random blood sugar >0.05 (NS) P.values day 90 weight >0.05 (N.S), FBS>0.05 (N.S) 7RBS >0.05(N.S) NON SIGNIFICANT

FIGURE:2 Showing the periodic observation in all parameters in group 1 on day0 day 45& day-90.Mean values in weight (Kg) is 63.37,63.26,63.63, fbs (mg/dl) 172.7,165.04,153.37,RBS(mg/dl) 285.11,279.78,255.56.

TABLE NO3

Peroidic Observation in All Parameters Group11

Group 11 (Glibenclamide)

N=33

P-value

Day-0

Day-45

Day-90

Day-0 to 45

Day-45 to 90

Weight

62.7

±1.56

65.64

±2.10

64.55

±1.92

>0.05(NS)

0.05(NS0

Fasting blood sugar

188.42

±12.05

168.45

±10.99

140.06

±5.68

>0.05(NS)

>0.05(S)

Random blood sugar

284.18

±17.03

220.12

±13.39

170.94

±5.80

<0.005 (MS)

0.002(MS0

(s) significant, (MS) moderate significant

All values are expressed in Mean±SEM.

Table No3:

Showing the periodic observation in all parameter in goup:11, Group:11 containing drug (Glibenclamide),no of patients (n=33).It’s P-value on day 0 to day 45 on weight >0.05(NS),FBS>0.05(N.S) RBS<0.005 (MS) <0.01- AND DAY 45 TO DAY 90 WEIGHT >0.05 (NS) FBS (0.05) RBS <0.002(M.S0 moderately significant.

Figure 3:Shwing the periodic observations in all parameters in Group 11 weight 62.7,65.64,64.55,FBS (MG/DL) 188.42,168.45 140.06,RBS(mg/dl) 284.18 220.12, 170.94 (on day-0-day 45 to 90).

DISCUSSION:

In Denmark Beck-Nielsenet al,skillman TG (1981) published studies demonstation that glyburide increased he number of receptors on the monocytes of patients with type 11 diabetes mellitus. Some patients were treated with diet and in cobination of second generation sulfonyureas agents Wie. The numbers of insulin receptors all patients were measured before and after the treatment.Intrvenous glucose test shows the persistent impairent of insulin secretion afterthe starting of drug therapy.However those patient who were on drug Pioglitazone some results were obtained of insulin secretion in the impairment in early drug drug therapy.Clinical observations have suggested that the second generation sulfonylureas may exert their effects by potentiating insulin released by other primary stimulators Insulin secreting drug.

According to the study of WilliamC Dukworth et al(1972), aftr the chronic treatment with sulfonylureas it is well documented that plasma insulin levels were decreased in response to oral glucose load. This apparently occures even though glucose tolerance is improved over pre-treatment, levels,present study clearly support that study.

The result og group 11 correlates with the research conducted by Bonnie &Kimmel (2005) produces the same results as FBS reduces from baseline, and at the end of study,with an overall 23.44%,reduction,while with the results showed at the end of study peroid p-value were (p<0,001).

Similarly Michael Alvarsson et al (2003) conducted a similar type of study and the found and overall changes of change of 22.11% in Fbs and 40.88% in Rbs at the end of trial p-value were (p<0.001).

However a study conducted by (Stone &Brown in (2003) didnot match to our results in the parameter of FBS and observer a reduction of 26.22%.

CONCLUSION:

In the light of study discussion it is obiovus the glibenclamide was more effective,tolerable and safer than pioglitzone in a short duration.Diabetes Mellitus is chronic prolong disease for whole life.Poor community can afford it easily,on base of marketing of this drug in pakistan diabetes patients easily go and purchase economically,in fact ,mostly people buy it from pharmacy without dr’s perscription,because pharmacist and patient both of know about this disease.Just like dispirin as analgesic,it is famous anti-diabetic drug in our states as compared of other anti-diabetic drugs.

REFERNCES:

1. Anderson J,Kendall,Perryman.S etal,”Diet and Diabettes” Diabetes 2006,16(3):17-19-
2. Bui H- Type 1 diabetes in childhood-Medicine 2006,3 ,1-3
3. Bernhard –Diabetes-type 11 diabetes mellitus Diabetes care 1995,19(100:12-17-
4. Clark CM-Oral therapyin type11 diabetes-pharmacological properties and clinical use of current use of currently available agents-Diabetes spectrum 1998,11(4):211-221.
5. Carren M.Types of Diabetes mellitus-Diabettes 2006 10 (3),07-
6. David Owerback NJ-Prevalence in diabetes population-Diabetes 1988,02(6):31-32
7. Dale MM,-Treatment of Diabetes mellitus –pharmacology 20035th edition:287-391.
8. Heller SR –Hypoglycemic in diabetes Ketoacidosis and hypoglycemic-Medicine 2006:34(03):102-110.
9. Jawad F Untraveling the mystry of Diabetes’Diabetes 2006;15(3):13-15.
10. Jacobes D-Insulin-Diabetes 1998;6(3);1160126.
11. Lambert and Bingliy-basic facts-medicine 2006,34(6):3-7.
12. Natters M-Ketoacdosis and hyperglycemia-Medicine 2006;34(3):104-106.
13. Power AC-Epidemiology of type11 diabetes Basic facts of diabetes –Diabetes 2005;1(1)7-9
14. Scarlet Oral therapy in type 11 diabetes sulfonylureas 1984;16(10);3-9.
15. Schade DS et al A placebo controlled randomized study of glimepiride in patients of Diabetes mellitus- Diabetes 19998, 38(7);636-641.
16. Warchman and Forouhi-Epidimology of Diabetes- Diabetes basic facts- Medicine 2006 ;34(2);57-60
17. Wheeler Gd- Aaccident dicovery led to the noble prize for canadian reseachers,2005,01-02.
18. WHO Report-Health-Diabetes Mellitus-Defiition and types of Diabetes 2007;1:1-4.

lalaghulamrasool bhurgri

Scientists recently garnered a breakthrough for heart failure patients after finding success by administering hypothermic therapy. News reports told of the outcome of a heart failure study that found “only 10 to 15 percent [of cardiac arrest patients] recover without brain damage.

The American Heart Association (AHA) reported in a 2003 study of the therapy that it was used in the 1950s, although it was “subsequently abandoned because of uncertain benefit and difficulties with its use. Currently, the state of New York is attempting to bring the therapy to all hospitals within the state, but the implementation of the therapy is being met with some hostility due to costs and lack of medical equipment at smaller hospitals based in poorer areas of the state.

Cooling Treatment for Cardiac Patients

According to The New York Times, therapeutic hypothermia is “believed to reduce the chances of brain damage and increase the chances of survival, even if it means bypassing the emergency rooms,” however, “only those cardiac arrest patients revived enough to show a pulse and whose heart problems are not associated with some other trauma are eligible for the cooling treatment.”

Studies from both the American Heart Association and The New England Journal of Medicine have boasted the therapies’ usefulness finding “55 percent of the patients who received the cooling treatment ended up with moderate or no brain damage, compared with 39 percent who received standard treatment.”

Heart Failure Causes

There are an array of heart failure causes including the following, according to the American Heart Association:

* coronary artery disease

* past heart attacks

* high blood pressure

* abnormal heart valves

* heart muscle disease

* inflammation

* congenital heart disease

* severe lung disease

* diabetes

* severe anemia

* hyperthyroidism

* arrhythmia/dysrhythmia

Additionally, there is a unique and unintended side effect associated with the consumption of a type 2 diabetes drug, Avandia, which has been found to increase the risk of heart failure and heart damage among patients.

In a New England Journal of Medicine article from 2007, Avandia (rosiglitazone) was found to be the cause of heart failure among patients. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also issued a health public safety advisory on the drug’s side effects, which also includes the onset of a early osteoporosis among patients and the increased risk of bone loss among women patients.

The severity of the Avandia dangers may require a patient to locate not only a medical professional but a pharmaceutical lawyer as well, as a free legal consultation as to the development of an Avandia class action lawsuit may be necessary.

Peter Kent
http://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/patients-suffering-from-heart-failure-find-promising-treatment-729009.html

More patients using Medication Assistance Program
Roxane Tweden relies on a cocktail of at least eight medicationsto relieve her pain, help her sleep, reduce her blood pressure,control her diabetes and manage her depression.

Read more on Billings Gazette

The results of a study published in the Archives of Neurology may from researchers at the University of Washington have found a potential link between the onset of dementia and diabetes. The scientists found that an increase of vascular disease, rather than Alzheimer’s disease, may be the cause of dementia, and patients with diabetes have a higher association of vascular disease.

The scientists studied autopsy findings of various patients who were both treated and untreated for diabetes. According to the news article, “there were more microvascular infarcts” within the brain among patients with diabetes who were not receiving adequate treatment.
However, patients who were under-treated for their diabetes condition actually showed a difference in dementia levels from their diabetic-treated counterparts.

According to news reports, approximately 71 patients of the 196 whose autopsy reports were studied were found to have suffered from dementia, and nearly 59 patients also suffered from diabetes and received treatment for their disease. While researchers were unable to make a substantial link between the development of diabetes and the onset of dementia, the association between the status of diabetes and the level of dementia has been discovered to be much stronger than previous research.

Developing Dementia

According to the National Library of Medicine (NLM), which is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), “dementia is a word for a group of symptoms caused by disorders that affect the brain and dementia is not actually considered a specific disease.” Dementia is often associated with the following signs and symptoms:

* recent memory loss

* difficulty performing familiar tasks

* problems with language

* time and place disorientation

* poor judgement

* problems with abstract thinking

* misplacing things

* changes in mood

* personality changes

* loss of initiative

It is advisable for patients who may be suffering from dementia to speak with a medical professional as well as to include their family, friends or caretakers in making a decision based on the severity of their condition.

Diabetes Drug Dangers

While there are an array of prescription drugs for diabetes that are available to regulate glucose or insulin levels within the body as well as injectable forms of insulin, including Byetta, there are also several dangers commonly associated with the consumption of a variety of these drugs including Byetta.

In mid-2005, Byetta, also known as exenatide, became available for manufacture from Eli Lilly and Company and Amylin Pharmaceuticals. Byetta has been linked to several damaging side effects, which include the development of pancreatic conditions that could be deadly. The drug is an injectable form of medication used to treat non-insulin dependent type 2 diabetics.

According to a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) report, in October 2007 several patients were found to have developed pancreatic inflammation — all of whom were consuming the drug. Six patients were again hospitalized in August 2008 for pancreatitis and inflammation of the pancreas. Of the six patients who were hospitalized, two were deemed fatal as a result of the Byetta-induced pancreatic conditions. Because of the Byetta dangers it may be necessary to contact a pharmaceutical attorney and obtain a free legal consultation on the details surrounding a Byetta class action lawsuit, which may earn a victim monetary compensation for the damages incurred.

Clinical Stem Cell Transplantation is not then newborn branch of medicine and has already received the first Nobel Prize (1990) for contribution to the “treatment of human diseases”.

Bone marrow was the initial source of stem cells used for clinical application starting from late 1960′s. Stem cells from dead human fetuses (FSC) were used for treatment of severe immune and blood diseases in children and adults starting from 1970′s. Stem cells from cord blood of a newborn were a good option for treatment of this same person later, if needed. All these sources of stem cells are legal for therapeutic use in most countries (fetal stem cells – in EU since 1979, in USA since 1994).

In 1998 viable embryos following artificial in vitro fertilization were declared a new promising source of stem cells. Probably, everybody has heard of the debates on the approval of this source. Well… The Medical community has never offered to use viable embryos – neither fresh, nor preserved, “spare” or “donated” – as a medicine or as a source for medicine.

Despite this, they might be as good for clinical purposes as FSC. Pluripotent stem cells that can develop into cells of the three major tissue types can also be derived from this source, as from certain fetal tissue.

The research for creation of a robust daily clinical method for FSC continued during 1970′s and 1980′s in about 20 countries, and multiple study results were published in top medical scientific journals, but failed.

Some very good results proved the high curative potential of stem cells, as phenomena. At the same time, poor statistic results in groups of patients indicated the absence of a reliable technological solution and the lack of a safe and efficient method for clinical use of FSC. By the late 1980′s clinical branch of FSC transplantation (FSTC) was almost abandoned.

The restart of clinical FSCT happened in early 1990′s after Prof. Alexander Smikodub (National Medical University, Center EmCell, Kiev, Ukraine) created a safe clinical method for FSCT with stable clinical results.

And what was the stunning benefit – this method allowed transplantation without rejection of transplants in absence of immune suppression!

The method allowed avoiding histocompatibility barrier instead of crushing it, like in organ and bone marrow transplantation (by means of conditioning and immune suppression). Among all stem cells, only certain FSC allow for transplantation without rejection and with no immune suppression required.

This was the fulfillment of an unbelievable dream of transplantology – the host totally accepts the transplant! No rejection, no crisis, no conditioning disabling immune system of the host, no life long immune suppression needed, and no weakened immune protection against infection and cancer. 

In 1998 the first US patent for FSC treatment of HIV/AIDS was granted to EmCell (Kiev, Ukraine). Several Patents (Ukraine, US, EC, Russia) were granted during 1996-2002 for treatment of Diabetes, AIDS, and some other diseases.

First, we treated patients with severe hematological diseases, immunodeficiency, and Diabetes Mellitus. Then indications for FSCT became more and more widespread. The procedure of FSCT was refined.

At the 4th Congress of the International Cell Transplant Society in 1999 (Montreux, Switzerland) all five reports on clinical use of FSCT were presented by Cell Therapy Clinic of National Medical University and Center EmCell, Kiev, Ukraine (since 1994).

As well as the only clinical report on treatment with the use of FSCT at the First European Conference on Cellular Therapy in Pasteur Institute in Paris (2000).

EmCell has thus far contributed to nearly 40 international conferences, accepted patients from about 50 countries, and has been featured by first rank magazines (Sunday Times, Boston Globe, Spiegel, Max) and TV (ZDF, BBC).

Own EmCell‘s experience exceeds 5000 FSC transplantations for various diseases and conditions. This is the largest FSC clinical experience in the world so far.

The Guidelines for using FSCT in the treatment of several diseases and conditions were developed on the basis of six post-doctoral multiyear Ph.D. studies. These researches were carried out at the National Medical University and at more than a dozen reputable medical Institutes of the Ministry of Health and Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine (1994-2003). The Guidelines were officially approved (1999–2001) by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine.

At present, Ukraine apparently has the highest level of preparedness for wide-scale FSCT clinical application.

Practical Side of FSC Transplantations 
The most efficient FSCT treatment is related to new-onset diabetes mellitus.

All of a sudden a person faints – and shocking news enters the family. Medicine of civilized world is ready to provide diabetic person with special care.

But keep in mind. Diabetes mellitus is caused by attack of own immune system against special ?-cells, producing insulin. The first faint happens when about 80% of ?-cells are destroyed, and during the nearest 4-6 months so would be the rest. The remaining 20% would allow healthy life with minor diet limitations. But modern treatment cannot and does not stop this autoimmune aggression. There is no means to stop it now; it may be only to retard. Regular treatment just helps patients to live in absence of own insulin and moderates complications.

The only known modern method to stop autoimmune aggression is FSCT. Your doctor may not be aware of it because the method is rather new, as any patented method should be.

FSCT method for diabetes treatment prevents further destruction of ?-cells and allows avoiding development of diabetes mellitus according to regular scenario. This is a real breakthrough.

The most grateful patients for FSCT are elderly people.
Being transplanted, stem cells spread with blood current all over the body. They try to find a place to live. A huge oak prevents other trees from living nearby. So a healthy function or tissue would not allow living of a foreign cell on its territory. Healthy young person would feel no action of FSCT at all.

In this regard, you may understand all the attraction of an elderly person for transplanted stem cells. There is plenty of space within faded tissues to live and to reveal the best features. For an elderly person it means thorough reparation of all faded tissues and many functions. Elderly person has no need to complain or describe what is wrong. Stem cells would find and inhabit all weakened places by themselves. Typical duration of curative effects is 2-3 years, repeated FSCT are allowed and give more long-term effects.

The most crucial circumstances, when FSCT may really save life, are related to conditions of anemia, especially, after chemotherapy.

In chemotherapy, there is a fine balance. Chemotherapy, to be efficient in killing more cancer cells, should be aggressive. Aggressive therapy is risky for the patients’ life.

In most cases of strong suppression of hemopoiesis after chemotherapy FSCT allow recovery of blood count within 5-7 days (!) and provide two-threefold reduction of quantity of infectious and hemorrhage complications. So, chemotherapy with FSCT at hand can be more aggressive, efficient and on the other hand even more safe and easier to endure.

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Scientific Leaders Urge Diabetes Patients To Talk With Their Doctor Before Making Changes To Their Medication Use
The Endocrine Society, American Diabetes Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists issue joint statement in response to an FDA panel’s recommendation to keep rosiglitazone (Avandia) on the market The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Joint Meeting of the Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Committee and Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory Committee …

Read more on Medical News Today

Scientific Leaders Urge Type 2 Diabetes Patients to Remain on Their Prescribed Medications Unless Instructed Otherwise …
American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American Diabetes Association and The Endocrine Society Issue Joint Statement in Response to Reports of Potential Cardiovascular Risks Associated With Rosiglitazone

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New program helps patients manage diabetes, lifestyle
Managing diabetes can be tough to do alone. That’s why the Niagara-on-the-Lake Family Health Team has started a new diabetes program to help people with Type 2 and pre-diabetes manage the disease and maintain their health.

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It has been known for years that reducing ones weight can yield benefits associated with Type II diabetes. With the excess body weight that is lost when a patient receives lap-band surgery, Type II diabetes is usually brought under control or into complete remission in over 49% of cases.

Recent a study published in the JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association) showed that patients that had weight loss surgery were “more likely to achieve remission of Type II diabetes”

Patients who have lost weight by typical diet and exercise were compared with patients that had the LAP-BAND System surgery.

Why exactly is Lap-Band surgery such a highly effective treatment for Type II Diabetes?

Gastric Banding (Lap-Band) surgery helps to control your Type II Diabetes due to the reduced intake of sugars and carbohydrates. Once this occurs your bodies need for insulin is greatly reduced. Once the body produces a reasonable amount of glucose the body can then handle it in a natural manner without the need for daily injections, or a need for a greatly reduced amount of insulin.

In the report, patients with Type II diabetes were randomly chosen to receive Lap-Band surgery or typical diabetes treatment which included insulin and a course of diet and exercise.

All patients had been diagnosed with diabetes less than 24 months prior.

Of the 55 patients that actually completed the study 43% achieved full remission within two years compared to only 13% of the patients who tried conventional diet and exercise.

For more information on Lap-Band surgery visit:

Consumer Guide to Lap-Band Surgery

Lisa Ventura
http://www.articlesbase.com/medicine-articles/lapband-surgery-is-highly-effective-in-treating-type-ii-diabetes-675760.html

The Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis Handbook were penned by Sheila Sperber Haas and Francois Haas. Both writers are scientists also they are compassionate people.

This book is the bestseller as it guides patients who are suffering from bronchitis and emphysema. Thus, expansion and revision were done to give the latest information. These disorders are discussed in such a way so that patients may easily understand. Nice care of emphysema and bronchitis are posted too. Through this kind of handbook, patients might restore their vitality and enhance the relationship with other people.

Tips are given on getting the best physician. The treatment options that are very much important to people are discussed thoroughly. You would never worry about the HMO’s as the guidelines on dealing them are provided too. Companies which provide supplemental oxygen are enlisted. Even very new techniques for surgery are posted for giving the patients nice options on ways of technological advances which can help to treat their disorders.

Stress and Anxiety management are in such that patients won’t lose hope. By preventing the symptoms of emphysema and bronchitis are included for improving the quality of the patient’s life. The accessibility of the wide resources using the web or the phone is very easy. You may also read letters from many experts that would keep you informed about the latest developments related with emphysema and bronchitis.

However, before purchasing it, it’s better to have a look at some consumer reviews. By this way, you would have an idea about how effective and useful it is.

- Some find this very repulsive. It has frightening and grim illustrations. Hence the wicked line sketches of “pink puffer” and “blue bloater” looks like depicting the dark ages regarding the hell. People having COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder) never deny the fact that they’re going to die younger than the cohorts.

- Those who’re more than 55 years old might feel that hopes are away from them. This handbook has failed to arouse them for leading worthy lives. Instead they’re suggesting to study “courage books” having stories of dignity, hope and, capability to cope.

- A licensed psychotherapist read the entire book and hasn’t recommended it. Some contents linked with facing the depression and anxiety might damage these patients psychologically.

- Some physicians find this handbook as a useful tool. It’s because COPD is discussed in normal English. In fact, the sufferers might easily learn and get the facts about the disorder. This is correct for COPD dummies.

- Some have given the testimonials showing how this handbook helps them very much. One reviewer told that the respiratory exercises got in this particular handbook helped his father who had serious emphysema. His father’s heart fails due to function such that the doctors let him to breathe through oxygen tank to keep the heart from fibulation. However after doing such exercises, his condition becomes better till oxygen isn’t needed anymore.

Living with COPD might be overwhelming and very exhausting. Patients and their caretakers might continuously live in fear running out of air, their abilities dwindle prematurely, and they struggle in fragility.

Some people who’re close with folk with emphysema and bronchitis are usually angry, frightened and depressed. However, doctors treat their COPD patients, the best way they can. But the fact is that many doctors focus on medical aspects of treatment COPD better than giving rehabilitations.

The Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis Handbook might help people having COPD and their families to have a very realistic perspective of the disorder. This might allow them to survive confidently and calmly although they’ve emphysema or chronic bronchitis.

Abhishek Agarwal
http://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/chronic-bronchitis-and-emphysema-handbook-assisting-you-for-a-healthier-life-708883.html